Abstract Anthropogenic interventions have had a compromising effect on environmental health, intensifying the degradation of ecosystems, and the quantity of chemical pollutants released into nature. Therefore, research areas within the scope of environmental assessments and monitoring such as ecotoxicology have contributed to the determination of the toxic potential of contaminants. A small cyprinid known as the zebrafish (Danio rerio), the use of which has exponentially grown, is an alternative vertebrate model for scientific research, mainly in the assessment of environmental risks. The species exhibits several advantages for breeding in a laboratory, in addition to presenting multi-biomarkers of environmental toxicity. Thus, this review aims to present the main characteristics and advantages of working with this species, as well as show studies related to ecotoxicology involving biomarkers of toxicity in zebrafish. The results show a progressive trend towards employing the species in environmental risk analyses, it is an increasingly recommended species in the assessment of the toxicity level of a range of chemical pollutants. The development of future technologies must contribute to scientific advancement, rendering the potential application of this model organism an even more widespread one, which will certainly help in bridging knowledge gaps in various areas of study.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate autoinflammatory diseases (AID) according to age at diagnosis and sex, and response to therapy in a large population. Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational study of a Latin American registry using a designed web system for data storage, collected between 2015 and 2018. Any altered findings during follow-up were recorded. The forms were translated into Portuguese and Spanish, including demographic, clinical, laboratory, genetic and treatment characteristics. Results: We included 152 patients, 51.3% male and 75% Caucasian. The median age at disease onset was 2.1 years (0–15.6 years) and median age at diagnosis 6.9 years (0–21.9 years); 111 (73%) were children (0–9 years old), and 41 (27%) were adolescents and young adults (AYA) (10–21 years old). Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and adenitis syndrome (PFAPA) occurred in 46/152 (30%), chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) in 32/152 (21%), and familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) in 24/152 (15.7%). PFAPA was significantly higher in young children than in AYA (38.7% vs. 7.3%, p<0.001), while CNO were lower (13.5% vs. 41.5%, p<0.001). The frequency of females was significantly higher in CNO (28.4% vs. 14.1%, p=0.031) and lower in FMF (8.1% vs. 23.1%, p=0.011). The most used drugs were glucocorticoids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), and colchicine. Glucocorticoids and colchicine treatment were used in all AID with good to moderate response. However, cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS) seemed unresponsive to glucocorticoids. NSAIDs and methotrexate were the main medications used to treat CNO. Conclusions: Differences among AID patients were observed in the LA population regarding sex and age at disease diagnosis.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar as doenças autoinflamatórias (DAI) de acordo com sexo e idade no momento do diagnóstico e a resposta terapêutica em uma grande população. Métodos: Este é um estudo observacional transversal de um registro latino-americano que usou um sistema de dados coletados entre 2015 e 2018. Quaisquer achados alterados ao longo do acompanhamento foram registrados. Os formulários foram traduzidos para os idiomas português e espanhol, incluindo características demográficas, clínicas, laboratoriais, genéticas e de tratamento. Resultados: Incluímos 152 pacientes, sendo 51,3% do sexo masculino e 75% da raça branca. A média de idade de início da doença foi de 2,1 anos (0–15,6 anos) e a média de idade de diagnóstico 6,9 anos (0–21,9 anos); 111 (73%) eram crianças (0–9 anos) e 41 (27%) adolescentes/adultos jovens (10–21 anos). A síndrome de febre periódica, estomatite aftosa, faringite e adenite (PFAPA) ocorreu em 46/152 (30%), osteomielite não bacteriana crônica (CNO) em 32/152 (21%) e febre familiar do Mediterrâneo (FMF) em 24/152 (15,7%). A PFAPA foi significativamente maior em crianças pequenas (38,7 vs. 7,3%, p<0,001), e a CNO, em adolescentes/adultos jovens (13,5 vs. 41,5%, p<0,001). A frequência do sexo feminino foi significativamente maior na CNO (28,4 vs. 14,1%, p=0,031) e menor na FMF (8,1 vs. 23,1%, p=0,011). Os medicamentos mais utilizados foram glicocorticoides, anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais (AINE) e colchicina. O tratamento com glicocorticoides e colchicina foi usado em todas as DAI com resposta boa a moderada. No entanto, as síndromes periódicas associadas à criopirina (CAPS) pareciam não responder aos glicocorticoides. AINE e metotrexato foram os principais medicamentos utilizados no tratamento da CNO. Conclusões: Diferenças de pacientes com DAI foram observadas na população latino-americana em pacientes agrupados por sexo e idade ao diagnóstico da doença.

Resumo Introdução: a dor de moderada à grave, em crianças hospitalizadas é comum, mas muitas vezes é mal avaliada e gerenciada. Objetivo: analisar os conhecimentos da equipe de enfermagem sobre instrumentos de avaliação da dor pediátrica. Métodos: estudo descritivo-exploratório, qualitativo, envolvendo enfermeiros e técnicos de enfermagem dos setores de urgência e emergência, clínica médica e Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de um hospital pediátrico de referência, no sudoeste maranhense. Dados coletados entre novembro de 2019 e março de 2020 por meio de entrevista individual e a saturação aconteceu com o 20º participante. Procedeu-se a análise de conteúdo temático. Resultados: a maioria dos participantes eram do sexo feminino, tinham entre 23 e 58 anos, pardos, e trabalhavam na clínica pediátrica de cinco meses a 20 anos. A equipe de enfermagem considera de grande importância a avaliação adequada da dor infantil. Da análise dos dados emergiram as categorias: Entendimento dos profissionais sobre importância da avaliação da dor infantil; desconhecimento dos profissionais sobre instrumentos de avaliação e a falta de aplicação do mesmo no ambiente hospitalar; estratégias utilizadas no alívio da dor; perspectivas dos profissionais de enfermagem no enfrentamento da dor pediátrica. Conclusão: a equipe de enfermagem deve conhecer e aplicar os instrumentos de avaliação da dor pediátrica, bem como incentivar as práticas não farmacológicas no ambiente hospitalar em consonância com as estratégias farmacológicas de alívio à dor.

Resumen Introducción: El dolor moderado a intenso en personas menores hospitalizadas es común, pero a menudo se evalúa y maneja de manera deficiente. Objetivo: Analizar el conocimiento del equipo de enfermería sobre los instrumentos de evaluación del dolor pediátrico. Métodos: Un estudio descriptivo-exploratorio, cualitativo, con personas enfermeras y técnicas de enfermería de los sectores de urgencia y emergencia, clínica médica y Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de un hospital pediátrico de referencia en el suroeste de Maranhão, Brasil. Los datos fueron recopilados entre noviembre de 2019 y marzo de 2020, a través de entrevistas individuales. La saturación ocurrió con la persona participante número 20. Se realizó un análisis de contenido temático. Resultados: la mayoría de las personas participantes eran mujeres, entre 23 y 58 años, morenas y trabajaron en la clínica pediátrica de 5 meses a 20 años. El equipo de enfermería considera que la evaluación adecuada del dolor infantil es de gran importancia. Del análisis de los datos, surgieron las siguientes categorías: comprensión de las personas profesionales sobre la importancia de evaluar el dolor infantil, falta de conocimiento de los profesionales sobre los instrumentos de evaluación y su falta de aplicación en el ámbito hospitalario; estrategias utilizadas para aliviar el dolor y las perspectivas de las personas profesionales de enfermería para hacer frente al dolor pediátrico. Conclusión: el equipo de enfermería debe conocer y aplicar instrumentos de evaluación del dolor pediátrico, así como fomentar prácticas no farmacológicas en el ambiente hospitalario, de acuerdo con las estrategias farmacológicas para el alivio del dolor.

Abstract Introduction: Moderate or severe pain in hospitalized children is common but is often poorly evaluated and managed. Objective: To analyze the knowledge of the nursing team on pediatric pain assessment instruments. Methods: A descriptive-exploratory, qualitative study involving nurses and nursing technicians from the urgency and emergency sectors, medical clinic, and Intensive Care Unit of a pediatric reference hospital in southwestern Maranhão. Data were collected, between November 2019 and March 2020, through individual interviews, saturation occurred with the 20th participant. A thematic content analysis was carried out. Results: most of the participants were female, between the ages of 23 and 58 years old, brunettes, and had worked between 5 months to 20 years at the pediatric clinic. The nursing team considers the adequate assessment of childhood pain to be of great importance. From the data analysis emerged the following categories: Understanding of professionals on the importance of assessing childhood pain; Lack of knowledge of professionals about assessment instruments and their lack of application in the hospital environment; Strategies used to relieve pain; The perspectives of nursing professionals in coping with pediatric pain. Conclusion: The nursing team should know and use pediatric pain assessment instruments as well as encourage non-pharmacological practices in line with pharmacological strategies for pain relief in hospital environments.

ABSTRACT Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) in research should focus on the engagement of patients/carers in every stage of the research cycle. However, the inconsistent level of education and research experience may compromise this involvement and training and support are recommended. In Portugal, consistent training to empower patients in their health decisions, or to be involved in research is neither available nor adapted for the patients and public. Our main goal is to develop and deliver the first high-quality and comprehensive online educational programme for adult patients with asthma and their carers, based on patients’/carers’ needs and preferences. The project includes four tasks. In Task 1, we will identify and organise the most important topics on asthma and health research, based on the identification of educational needs of adult patients/carers with asthma and the expertise of asthma specialists, using Delphi methodology. In Task 2, we will design and implement a high-quality, free, online self-learning programme based on reliable sources of information and on patients’/carers’ preferences. In Task 3, we will assess its feasibility, satisfaction and impact. Finally, Task 4 will be centred on the management and dissemination. Patients and carers will be actively engaged in all stages of this project as co-researchers, including the writing of this protocol. By the end of this project, we expect to have implemented the first high-quality, free-of-charge, online self-learning programme on asthma and health research, adapted for adult patients with asthma and their carers. It will be available for all patients/carers not only from Portugal but also from all Lusophone countries. This programme will empower patients and carers to increase their knowledge about the disease, develop new skills and have the opportunity to learn about research. Ultimately, it will introduce the knowledge patients/carers need to represent themselves and influence health policies in Portugal successfully.

RESUMO O envolvimento dos doentes e cidadãos na investigação (PPI) deve ocorrer em todas as etapas do ciclo de investigação. No entanto, a inconsistência nos níveis educacionais e na experiência de investigação pode ser um entrave significativo de uma participação ativa. Assim, ações de formação e suporte são recomendadas. Em Portugal, não existe formação específica para capacitar os doentes nas suas decisões de saúde, ou para se envolverem em investigação. O objetivo principal é desenvolver e tornar acessível o primeiro programa educacional online de elevada qualidade para doentes adultos com asma e seus cuidadores, com base nas suas necessidades e preferências. O projeto inclui 4 tarefas. Na tarefa 1 iremos identificar os tópicos mais importantes na área da asma e investigação em saúde, a partir da identificação das necessidades educacionais de doentes/cuidadores e da experiência de especialistas em asma, usando o método Delphi. Na tarefa 2 pretendemos desenhar e implementar um programa de elevada qualidade, gratuito e online, baseado em fontes de informação fiáveis e nas preferências de doentes/cuidadores. Na tarefa 3 vamos disseminar o programa e avaliar a sua exequibilidade, aceitabilidade e impacto. A tarefa 4 irá incidir na gestão e disseminação do projeto. Doentes e cuidadores estarão ativamente envolvidos em todas as tarefas do projeto como coinvestigadores, onde se inclui a escrita deste protocolo. No final deste projeto, esperamos ter implementado o primeiro programa de auto-aprendizagem de elevada qualidade, gratuito e online para a asma e investigação em saúde, adaptado para doentes/cuidadores com asma. Este programa irá capacitar doentes e cuidadores para aumentar o seu conhecimento sobre a doença, para desenvolver novas competências, e será uma oportunidade para aprenderem sobre investigação. Este programa permitirá também a introdução a conhecimentos necessários para doentes e cuidadores se fazerem representar e influenciarem as políticas em saúde em Portugal.

Abstract The Brazilian Buriti oil presents low extraction costs and relevant antioxidant properties. Thus, this work aimed to analyze Buriti oil biomaterial (BB), within its physicochemical properties, biocompatibility and cellular integration, with the purpose to the use as a growth matrix for Goat Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells. Biomaterials were produced from Buriti oil polymer (Mauritia flexuosa), for it’s characterization were performed Infrared Region Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG and DTG). The biointegration was analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and histological techniques. In order to investigate biocompatibility, MTT (3-(4,5-dimetil-2-tiazolil)-2,5-difenil-2H-tetrazólio) test and hemolytic activity tests were performed. The activation capacity of immune system cellswas measured by phagocytic capacity assay and nitric oxide synthesis . The BB presented an amorphous composition, with high thermal stability and high water expansion capacity, a surface with micro and macropores, and good adhesion of Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells (MSCWJ). We verified the absence of cytotoxicity and hemolytic activity, in addition, BB did not stimulate the activation of macrophages. Proving to be a safe material for direct cultivation and also for manufacturing of compounds used for in vivo applications.

Abstract Objectives: This study aims to investigate if a sampling method using virtual networks is feasible to survey AS adoption among this “hard-to-reach” population of Brazilian doctors. Methods: An online piloted 11-point structured survey questionnaire (designed using Googleforms®) probed the actual treatment patterns for adult patients with PTMCs, including treatment decision-making nonoperative options, was undertaken between 10 November and 30 November 2020. Participants were reached by the mobile phone Application (APP) and a snowball sampling strategy was used to recruit a total of 4783 members (maximum number of potential reach), which is the total of doctors of the all 21 social media WhatsApp® groups. Results: From a total of 4783 members (maximum number of potential reach), there were 657 (13.7%) doctors (actual reach) who clicked the web link of the questionnaire, out of whom 512 (10.7%) fully completed the online survey. Among the survey respondents, 361 were endocrinologists (70.5%) and 151 were surgeons (29.5%). Overall, for low-risk PTMCs in an elderly patient, 118 responders (23%) recommend AS, while 390 (76%) recommend immediate surgery as the management, including lobectomy (18.5%) and Total Thyroidectomy (58.2%). The present responders tended to recommend surgery for PTMCs that were located adjacent to the dorsal surface of the thyroid, were multiple, or raised the size during the follow-up. Conclusion: Using snowball sampling strategy as an innovative route to conduct surveys was feasible and applicable but the rate of response was still very low. Our data also suggests the need to investigate if AS is embraced by Brazilian doctors.

RESUMEN En las últimas décadas se han dado pasos importantes para implementar en la práctica los conceptos físicos de la Geodesia, en lo que respecta a los sistemas de altura. A pesar de las dificultades para modelar el campo de gravedad, con el establecimiento de convenciones, estándares y estrategias de cálculo, la realización del Sistema de Referencia Internacional de Alturas (IHRS) está muy avanzada. Para un sistema global, existen limitaciones para algunos países, especialmente para aquellos con datos de gravedad escasos, regiones montañosas y áreas extensas. En lo que respecta a metodología, el cómputo se puede realizar directamente utilizando los Modelos Geopotenciales Globales (MGG), recuperando los modelos de geoide existentes, o determinando puntualmente el potencial de gravedad, mediante fórmulas integrales. En general, el modelado regional del campo de gravedad es hecho por integración numérica o colocación de mínimos cuadrados y, más recientemente, adoptando las funciones de base radial esférica. La primera aproximación permite determinar el componente de gravedad de la Tierra en un punto específico y ajustar la fórmula integral de acuerdo con la cobertura de gravedad. Puesto que hasta el momento, no existe un sentido común sobre la mejor metodología, las estrategias de cálculo son analizadas. En este contexto, el documento tiene como objetivo contribuir con el IHRF, calculando el número geopotencial en el ámbito del IHRF, utilizando la integración numérica para resolver el problema geodésico de valor de frontera y un modelo cuasi-geoide reciente existente en cuatro estaciones en el estado de São Paulo, Brasil. La primera aproximación se realizó considerando dos casos: un radio de 210 km y 110 km de cobertura de datos gravimétricos y el Modelo Geopotencial Global GOCO05S truncado en 100 y 200, respectivamente. Los resultados entre soluciones han mostrado una diferencia máxima de 94 cm y una diferencia mínima de 10 cm.

ABSTRACT In recent decades, important steps have been taken to implement the physical concepts of Geodesy in practice, concerning height systems. Despite the difficulties involving gravity field modeling, with the establishment of conventions, standards, and computation strategies, the realization of the International Height Reference System (IHRS) is well underway. For a global system, there are constraints for some countries, especially for those with sparse gravity data, mountain regions, and vast areas. In terms of methodology, the computation can be performed directly using the Global Geopotential Models (GGM), recovering existing geoid models, or determining pointwise the gravity potential using integral formulas. In general, the regional gravity modeling is given by numerical integration or least-squares collocation and more recently adopting the spherical radial basis functions. The first approach allows determining the earth's gravity component at a specific point and adjusting the integral formula according to the gravity coverage. Since so far there is no common sense about the best methodology, computation strategies are been analyzed. In this context, the paper aims to contribute to IHRF, computing the geopotential number in the scope of IHRF, using numerical integration to solve the Geodetic Boundary Value Problem and an existing recent quasi-geoid model in four stations in São Paulo state, Brazil. The first approach was performed considering two cases: a radius of 210 km and 110 km of gravimetric data coverage and the Global Geopotential Model GOCO05S truncated at 100 and 200, respectively. The results between solutions have shown a maximum difference of 94 cm, and a minimum difference of 10 cm.

Abstract To analyze the biocompatibility of the scaffold produced from a natural polymer derived from castor oil through hemolytic activity and antimicrobial activity, to enable the clinical application. Three in vitro tests were performed: Hemolytic activity test - Polymer partially dissolved in contact with blood agar; Hemolytic activity test in sheep's blood - Polymer extract with red blood cells solution; Antimicrobial activity test - Solid polymer in direct contact with E. Coli and S. Aureus. For hemolytic tests, none of the samples showed hemolysis. Negative hemolytic activity is a good indicator, as the maintenance of the blood clot in the area of the lesion is essential for the formation of new tissue. For the antimicrobial activity test, no significant activity was observed against the bacteria used. The polymer is not toxic to red blood cells, being viable for clinical application as a matrix for tissue regeneration.

RESUMO Objetivo comparar o absenteísmo da enfermagem hospitalar, antes e durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Método estudo transversal. Compilaram-se os registros de afastamento do trabalho da enfermagem de um hospital universitário sul-brasileiro nos meses de março, abril e maio de 2019 (n=622) e no mesmo período em 2020 (n=475). Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva e analítica. Resultados nos dois períodos, foram equânimes as frequências de afastamentos de mulheres (98,4%; 98,3%), com idade entre 40 e 49 anos (47,9%; 44,8%) e atuantes em enfermarias para adultos (30,7%; 29,2%). O absenteísmo-doença foi a causa prevalente (48,4%; 48%). O número absoluto de casos de afastamento foi maior no período pré-pandemia, contudo, o tempo em dias e horas perdidas, bem como a taxa de absenteísmo (13,9; 18,6%), foram significativamente mais elevados (p-valor<0,001) no período de pandemia vigente. Conclusão a pandemia de COVID-19 impactou na elevação do absenteísmo da enfermagem hospitalar.

ABSTRACT Objective to compare absenteeism in Hospital Nursing before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method cross-sectional study. It involved compilation of the records of absence from Nursing work at a university hospital in southern Brazil in March, April and May 2019 (n=622) and during the same period in 2020 (n=475). The data were analyzed by means of descriptive and analytical statistics. Results both periods presented the same absence frequencies in women (98.4%; 98.3%), aged between 40 and 49 years old (47.9%; 44.8%) and working in wards for adults (30.7%; 29.2%). Absenteeism-Disease was the most prevalent cause (48.4%; 48%). The absolute number of absence cases was higher in the pre-pandemic period; however, the time in days and hours lost, as well as the absenteeism rate (13.9; 18.6%), was significantly higher (p-value<0.001) in the current pandemic period. Conclusion the COVID-19 pandemic exerted an impact on the increase in Hospital Nursing absenteeism.

RESUMEN Objetivo comparar el ausentismo en el área de Enfermería hospitalaria, antes y durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Método estudio transversal. Se compilaron los registros de ausencias laborales en el área de Enfermería de un hospital universitario del sur de Brasil durante los meses de marzo, abril y mayo de 2019 (n=622) y en el mismo período del año 2020 (n=475). Los datos se analizaron por medio de estadística descriptiva y analítica. Resultados en ambos períodos, las frecuencias en términos de ausencias laborales fueron equivalentes en mujeres (98,4%; 98,3%), de entre 40 y 49 años (47,9%; 44,8%) y que desempeñaban sus funciones en salas para adultos (30,7%; 29,2%). Ausentismo/Enfermedad fue la causa prevalente (48,4%; 48%). La cantidad absoluta de casos de ausencias laborales fue mayor durante el período previo a la pandemia; sin embargo, el tiempo en días y horas perdidas, así como el índice de ausentismo (13,9; 18,6%), fueron significativamente más elevados (valor-p<0,001) durante el período de pandemia actual. Conclusión la pandemia de COVID-19 repercutió en el aumento del ausentismo en el área de Enfermería hospitalaria.

Abstract Periodontal diseases (PD) are inflammatory conditions that affect the teeth supporting tissues. Increased body fat tissues may contribute to activation of the systemic inflammatory response, leading to comorbidities. Some studies have shown that individuals with obesity present higher incidence of PD than eutrophics. Objective: To investigate the impact of obesity on periodontal tissues and oral microbiota in mice. Methodology: Two obesity mice models were performed, one using 12 weeks of the dietary protocol with a high-fat (HF) diet in C57BL/6 mice and the other using leptin receptor-deficient mice (db/db-/-), which became spontaneously obese. After euthanasia, a DNA-DNA hybridization technique was employed to evaluate the microbiota composition and topical application of chlorhexidine (CHX), an antiseptic, was used to investigate the impact of the oral microbiota on the alveolar bone regarding obesity. Results: Increased adipose tissue may induce alveolar bone loss, neutrophil recruitment, and changes in the oral biofilm, similar to that observed in an experimental model of PD. Topical application of CHX impaired bone changes. Conclusion: Obesity may induce changes in the oral microbiota and neutrophil recruitment, which are associated with alveolar bone loss.

Abstract To analyze the surface topography and mechanical properties of a polyurethane derived from castor oil reinforced with hydroxyapatite (PU–HA) for bone fixation. The surface analysis was performed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and the mechanical properties by Vickers microhardness and tensile tests. The SEM images showed that the PU surface presented important characteristics for materials intended for bone fixation, such as an irregular and porous surface. The analysis showed a surface with alternating areas with depressions and elevations of approximately 80±100 µm, presence of pores of 12 µm in size. The microhardness analysis showed values of 0.42±1.01 HV for PU–HA plates, lower in relation to the poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) plate (control group). The elastic modulus and ultimate tensile strength of 317.4 MPa, and 35.57 MPa for PLGA sample, 1.187 MPa, and 0.29 MPa for PU–HA sample. The PU produced showed good surface properties, however demands better mechanical properties.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the calcium/magnesium (Ca/Mg) ratio and insulin resistance in women with obesity and normal-weight women. This was a cross-sectional study with 128 women (62 women with obesity and 66 normal-weight women). We measured dietary minerals intake and analyzed magnesium and calcium biomarkers. Ca/Mg ratio in diet, plasma and urine were calculated. We have evaluated glycemic parameters. Women with obesity had low dietary magnesium, reduced plasma and erythrocyte magnesium concentrations, and elevated urinary magnesium excretion. Plasma calcium concentration was lower and urinary calcium excretion was higher in patients with obesity than in the normal-weight group. Dietary magnesium and calcium intake per kilogram of body weight per day was lower in obese women than in the control group. Ca/Mg ratio in plasma and urine were elevated in women with obesity. We found a significant correlation among magnesium biomarkers and calcium parameters. Ca/Mg ratio seems to be associated with insulin resistance in obese women.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la asociación entre la relación Ca/Mg y la resistencia a la insulina en mujeres con obesidad y en mujeres con peso normal. El diseño del estudio fue transversal y participaron 128 mujeres (62 mujeres con obesidad y 66 mujeres con peso normal). Se analizó la ingesta de minerales en la dieta y se realizaron análisis de biomarcadores de magnesio y calcio. Se calculó la relación Ca/Mg en dieta, plasma y orina y se evaluaron los parámetros glicémicos. Las mujeres con obesidad tenían niveles bajos de magnesio en la dieta, concentraciones reducidas de magnesio en plasma y eritrocitos, y excreción urinaria de magnesio elevada. La concentración plasmática de calcio fue menor en pacientes con obesidad, y la excreción urinaria de calcio fue mayor que en el grupo de mujeres con peso normal. La ingesta dietética de magnesio y calcio por kilogramo de peso corporal por día fue menor en las mujeres con obesidad, que en el grupo control. La relación Ca/Mg en plasma y orina estaba elevada en mujeres con obesidad. Se encontró una correlación significativa entre los biomarcadores de magnesio y los parámetros de calcio. La relación Ca / Mg parece estar asociada con la resistencia a la insulina en mujeres con obesidad.

ABSTRACT Lignocellulosic residues are used to produce mushrooms, but they generate large amounts of spent mushroom substrate (SMS). The objective of this study was to evaluate they effect of SMS of Pleurotus ostreatus, combined with organic fertilization, on biomass production and essential oil yield of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) plants. The fertilizer was formulated using combinations of organic compounds: SMS, organic compost (OC), and earthworm humus (EH). The treatments were applied using 35 g of the formulations, corresponding to an application of 20 Mg ha-1. The treatments used were: 100% OC; 100% EH; 100% SMS; 75% SMS + 25% OC (C1); 75% SMS + 25% EH (C2); 50% SMS + 50% OC (C3); 50% SMS + 50% EH (C4); 50% SMS + 25% OC + 25% EH (C5), and a control with no fertilizer application (CT). Plants grown with the soil fertilizers containing SMS, single or combined with OC and EH, presented higher average plant height (55.6 to 62.2 cm) and leaf area per plant (696.5 to 836.4 cm2). The treatment C3 resulted in plants with higher mean dry weight (10.9 g plant-1), and C2 resulted in the highest oil yield (5.0 kg ha-1), representing a gain of 324.8% in oil yield when compared to the control. Thus, SMS increases biomass production and essential oil yield of basil plants.

RESUMO Resíduos lignocelulósicos são usados na produção de cogumelos, mas geram grandes quantidades de substrato pós-cultivo de cogumelo (SPC). Neste estudo avaliou-se o SPC de Pleurotus ostreatus, aliado a adubação orgânica na produção de biomassa e rendimento de óleo essencial de manjericão (Ocimum basilicum L.). As formulações das adubações foram preparadas com o SPC, composto orgânico (CO) e húmus de minhoca (HM) e suas combinações, todos com aplicação de 35 g no solo, equivalente a 20 t ha-1. Os tratamentos foram: CO = 100 %; HM = 100 %; SPC = 100 %; C1 = 75 % SPC + 25 % CO; C2 = 75 % SPC + 25 % HM; C3 = 50 % SPC + 50 % CO; C4 =50 % SPC + 50 % HM; C5 = 50 % SPC + 25 % CO + 25 % HM e CT = sem adubação. O comprimento médio e a área foliar foram superiores nas plantas cultivadas no solo contendo o SPC, individualmente ou combinado com as fontes orgânicas, com 55,6 a 62,2 cm de comprimento e 696,5 a 836,4 cm2 de área foliar por planta. O tratamento C3 proporcionou plantas com maior acumulo de matéria seca (10,9 g planta-1) e o C2 proporcionou maior rendimento de óleo (5,0 kg ha-1), com ganho de 324,8 % no rendimento, em relação ao controle. O SPC promove um aumento significativo na biomassa e no rendimento de óleo essencial em plantas de manjericão (Ocimum basilicum).

Due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) established Emergency Remote Education (ERE) in July 2020, with the purpose of continuing the first semester of classes at the institution.&nbsp; Considering the adaptive period, the goal was to evaluate the satisfaction of the students studying Pharmacy with ERE, focusing on the learning process.&nbsp; Data collection was carried out through a virtual platform, with a questionnaire addressing sociodemographic data, lifestyle habits and the teaching-learning process. Data were analyzed using simple linear regression and the CART technique. The profile of the responding students was mainly characterized by women and students from the undergraduate professional cycle (above the 5th period). The average general satisfaction&nbsp; with the teaching of students was 3.12 (on a scale that ranged from 1 to 5), showing an inverse correlation with learning in the professional cycle of the course (p&lt;0.000).&nbsp; Only 3.1% of students who indicated “none or little learning” rated having maximum satisfaction with the ERE. There was low satisfaction with the quality of practical classes (3.06), revealing the limitation of the ERE for the development of courses with content as practical as that of Pharmacy Finally, great satisfaction is observed for factors related to the didactics and methodology of the professor, showing their engagement and dedication with the ERE, despite the difficulties for its establishment.

Debido a la pandemia del SARS-CoV-2, la Universidad Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) estableció la Enseñanza Remota de Emergencia (ERE), en julio de 2020, con el objetivo de continuar el primer semestre de clases. Teniendo en cuenta el periodo de adaptación, el objetivo fue evaluar la satisfacción de los estudiantes del curso de Farmacia con la ERE, enfocándose en el proceso de aprendizaje. Se realizó la recolección de datos a través de una plataforma virtual, con cuestionario acerca de datos sociodemográficos, hábitos de vida y el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Los datos fueron analizados por medio de regresión lineal simple y la técnica CART. El perfil de los estudiantes que respondieron se caracterizó principalmente por mujeres y estudiantes del ciclo profesional del curso de grado (después del quinto período). El promedio de satisfacción global con la docencia de los estudiantes fue de 3,12 (en una escala que osciló de 1 a 5), mostrando correlación inversa con el aprendizaje en el ciclo profesional del curso (p&lt;0,000). Solo el 3,1% de los estudiantes que indicaron “poco o ningún aprendizaje" evaluaron tener la máxima satisfacción con el ERE. Hubo baja satisfacción con la calidad de las clases prácticas (3.06), revelando la limitación del ERE para el desarrollo de cursos con contenido tan práctico como el de Farmacia. Finalmente, se retrata una satisfacción por encima de la media por factores relacionados con la didáctica y metodologías del profesor, mostrando la dedicación de los profesores para adaptarse incluso con los obstáculos del ERE.

Devido à pandemia do SARS-CoV-2, a Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) estabeleceu o Ensino Remoto Emergencial (ERE), em julho de 2020, com o objetivo de dar continuidade ao primeiro semestre letivo de aulas na instituição. Considerando o período adaptativo, objetivou-se avaliar a satisfação dos discentes do curso de Farmácia com o ERE, focando no processo de aprendizagem. Realizou-se coleta de dados por meio de plataforma virtual, com questionário sobre dados sociodemográficos, hábitos de vida e processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Os dados foram analisados por meio de regressão linear simples e da técnica CART. O perfil dos alunos respondentes foi caracterizado majoritariamente por mulheres e estudantes do ciclo profissionalizante da graduação (acima do 5º período). A média de satisfação geral com o ensino dos discentes foi de 3,12 (em uma escala que variou de 1 a 5), apresentando correlação inversa ao aprendizado no ciclo profissionalizante do curso (p&lt;0,000). Apenas 3,1% dos alunos que indicaram “nenhum ou pouco aprendizado” atribuíram satisfação máxima com o ERE. Observou-se menor satisfação com a qualidade das aulas práticas (3,06), revelando a limitação do ERE para o desenvolvimento de cursos com conteúdos tão práticos como o de Farmácia. Por fim, é retratada uma satisfação acima da média para fatores relacionados à didática e metodologias dos docentes, mostrando o compromisso e dedicação dos professores ao ERE, apesar das dificuldades para o seu estabelecimento.